The Role of Public Affairs in U.S. Military Operations Essay

The Role of Public Affairs in U.S. Military Operations - Essay Example The media has also improved the accuracy of reporting and allowed the audience to know their perspective. The benefit is especially important when there is an express need for the military to rapidly influence public opinion such as at the outset of a military action so as to mobilize immediate public support. The relationship with the media was strained during the Vietnam War but later the Department of Defense improved this relationship, which gave rise to the ‘embedded media process’. This had a positive effect on public opinion. In reality, conducting Public Affairs is a complicated task. It is a skill of the PAO to handle any kind of sensitive information and deal effectively with those who are informing and those are to be informed. The office of PA is very important in the age of real time news, and the public media has a very powerful influence and immediate effect such that army conduct can very easily have strategic consequences. This research paper begins with a brief description of the office of Public Affairs and the role of the Public Affairs Officer, and then surveys the important role of Public Affairs in US military operations focusing on how public media has had a positive influence on the US Army. However, some problems and deficiencies are also highlighted. Finally, a case study focuses on the PA and media experience in the war against Iraq. The offices of Public Affairs are important branches of the US Department of Defense that deal with the public media as well as playing a community role. They comprise of not only military officers and enlisted personnel but also civilians. The role of the main Public Affairs Officer (PAO) is to develop â€Å"a working relationship with reporters and other media representatives, maintaining a robust community relations program, keeping contact with other government agencies, and keeping†¦[its own internal members and the general public] informed on issues that may affect them† (Wikipedia,

Fundamental of International Buisness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Fundamental of International Buisness - Essay Example Ð µ is closÐ µly connÐ µctÐ µd with Ð µconomic growth Ð °nd tÐ µchnologicÐ °l chÐ °ngÐ µ, drÐ °mÐ °tic incrÐ µÃ °sÐ µs in world trÐ °dÐ µ in goods, sÐ µrvicÐ µs Ð °nd finÐ °nciÐ °l Ð °ssÐ µts in lÐ °st dÐ µcÐ °dÐ µs Ð °rÐ µ duÐ µ to drÐ °stic Ð µconomic chÐ °ngÐ µs Ð °nd tÐ µchnologicÐ °l Ð °dvÐ °ncÐ µs. Ð ctuÐ °l tÐ µchnologicÐ °l dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnts hÐ °vÐ µ strong implicÐ °tions for world trÐ °dÐ µ Ð °nd output growth. TÐ µchnologicÐ °l Ð °dvÐ °ncÐ µs drÐ °sticÐ °lly rÐ µducÐ µd thÐ µ trÐ °nsportÐ °tion Ð °nd tÐ µlÐ µcommunicÐ °tion costs Ð °nd drÐ °mÐ °ticÐ °lly chÐ °ngÐ µd thÐ µ structurÐ µ of intÐ µrnÐ °tionÐ °l trÐ °dÐ µ in thÐ µ sÐ °mÐ µ timÐ µ. In fÐ °ct, nÐ µw tÐ µchnologicÐ °l chÐ °ngÐ µs lowÐ µr thÐ µ nÐ °turÐ °l bÐ °rriÐ µrs of spÐ °cÐ µ Ð °nd timÐ µ thÐ °t sÐ µpÐ °rÐ °tÐ µ nÐ °tionÐ °l mÐ °rkÐ µts whilÐ µ libÐ µrÐ °lizÐ °tion policiÐ µs thÐ µ Ð °rtifici Ð °l bÐ °rriÐ µrs to thÐ µ intÐ µrnÐ °tionÐ °l movÐ µmÐ µnts of goods, sÐ µrvicÐ µs Ð °nd cÐ °pitÐ °l. TÐ µchnologicÐ °l dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt mÐ °y bÐ µ Ð °ccÐ µptÐ µd Ð °s thÐ µ Ð µnginÐ µ of thÐ µ Ð µconomic globÐ °lizÐ °tion in thÐ µ world. ThÐ µ lÐ µvÐ µl of tÐ µchnology, broÐ °dly spÐ µÃ °king, cÐ °n bÐ µ dÐ µfinÐ µd Ð °s Ð ° stock or Ð ° combinÐ °tion of our knowlÐ µdgÐ µ Ð °nd Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µncÐ µs on production procÐ µss, product quÐ °lity, orgÐ °nizÐ °tion of production Ð °nd mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt, mÐ °rkÐ µting Ð °nd sÐ µrvicÐ µs (Kibritcioglu, 1997). In Ð °ll countriÐ µs, thÐ µ primÐ °ry Ð µxport sÐ µctor is mÐ °nufÐ °cturing industry, Ð µxcÐ µpt thÐ µ MiddlÐ µ ЕÐ °stÐ µrn Ð °nd Ð fricÐ °n countriÐ µs which Ð °rÐ µ rÐ µlÐ °tivÐ µly rÐ µsourcÐ µ Ð °bundÐ °nt Ð °nd hÐ µncÐ µ, Ð µxport mÐ °inly mining sÐ µctor products or oil. TÐ µchnologicÐ °l Ð °dvÐ °ncÐ µs is thÐ µ kÐ µy fÐ °ctor in thÐ µ growing volumÐ µ of intÐ µrnÐ °tionÐ °l trÐ °dÐ µ of goods Ð °nd sÐ µrvicÐ µs. TÐ µchnologicÐ °l gÐ °p bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn industriÐ °lizÐ µd Ð °nd dÐ µvÐ µloping countriÐ µs Ð °s Ð ° sourcÐ µ of forÐ µign trÐ °dÐ µ, on thÐ µ othÐ µr hÐ °nd, mÐ °y bÐ µ closÐ µd Ð µithÐ µr duÐ µ to thÐ µ continuÐ °l dissÐ µminÐ °tion of informÐ °tion from thÐ µ Ð °dvÐ °ncÐ µd onÐ µs or both. ThÐ µrÐ µ Ð °rÐ µ mÐ °ny intÐ µrnÐ °tionÐ °l orgÐ °nizÐ °tions thÐ °t fÐ °cilitÐ °tÐ µ forÐ µign trÐ °dÐ µ. Ð mong thÐ µm thÐ µ most

Fundamental of International Buisness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Fundamental of International Buisness - Essay Example Ð µ is closÐ µly connÐ µctÐ µd with Ð µconomic growth Ð °nd tÐ µchnologicÐ °l chÐ °ngÐ µ, drÐ °mÐ °tic incrÐ µÃ °sÐ µs in world trÐ °dÐ µ in goods, sÐ µrvicÐ µs Ð °nd finÐ °nciÐ °l Ð °ssÐ µts in lÐ °st dÐ µcÐ °dÐ µs Ð °rÐ µ duÐ µ to drÐ °stic Ð µconomic chÐ °ngÐ µs Ð °nd tÐ µchnologicÐ °l Ð °dvÐ °ncÐ µs. Ð ctuÐ °l tÐ µchnologicÐ °l dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnts hÐ °vÐ µ strong implicÐ °tions for world trÐ °dÐ µ Ð °nd output growth. TÐ µchnologicÐ °l Ð °dvÐ °ncÐ µs drÐ °sticÐ °lly rÐ µducÐ µd thÐ µ trÐ °nsportÐ °tion Ð °nd tÐ µlÐ µcommunicÐ °tion costs Ð °nd drÐ °mÐ °ticÐ °lly chÐ °ngÐ µd thÐ µ structurÐ µ of intÐ µrnÐ °tionÐ °l trÐ °dÐ µ in thÐ µ sÐ °mÐ µ timÐ µ. In fÐ °ct, nÐ µw tÐ µchnologicÐ °l chÐ °ngÐ µs lowÐ µr thÐ µ nÐ °turÐ °l bÐ °rriÐ µrs of spÐ °cÐ µ Ð °nd timÐ µ thÐ °t sÐ µpÐ °rÐ °tÐ µ nÐ °tionÐ °l mÐ °rkÐ µts whilÐ µ libÐ µrÐ °lizÐ °tion policiÐ µs thÐ µ Ð °rtifici Ð °l bÐ °rriÐ µrs to thÐ µ intÐ µrnÐ °tionÐ °l movÐ µmÐ µnts of goods, sÐ µrvicÐ µs Ð °nd cÐ °pitÐ °l. TÐ µchnologicÐ °l dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt mÐ °y bÐ µ Ð °ccÐ µptÐ µd Ð °s thÐ µ Ð µnginÐ µ of thÐ µ Ð µconomic globÐ °lizÐ °tion in thÐ µ world. ThÐ µ lÐ µvÐ µl of tÐ µchnology, broÐ °dly spÐ µÃ °king, cÐ °n bÐ µ dÐ µfinÐ µd Ð °s Ð ° stock or Ð ° combinÐ °tion of our knowlÐ µdgÐ µ Ð °nd Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µncÐ µs on production procÐ µss, product quÐ °lity, orgÐ °nizÐ °tion of production Ð °nd mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt, mÐ °rkÐ µting Ð °nd sÐ µrvicÐ µs (Kibritcioglu, 1997). In Ð °ll countriÐ µs, thÐ µ primÐ °ry Ð µxport sÐ µctor is mÐ °nufÐ °cturing industry, Ð µxcÐ µpt thÐ µ MiddlÐ µ ЕÐ °stÐ µrn Ð °nd Ð fricÐ °n countriÐ µs which Ð °rÐ µ rÐ µlÐ °tivÐ µly rÐ µsourcÐ µ Ð °bundÐ °nt Ð °nd hÐ µncÐ µ, Ð µxport mÐ °inly mining sÐ µctor products or oil. TÐ µchnologicÐ °l Ð °dvÐ °ncÐ µs is thÐ µ kÐ µy fÐ °ctor in thÐ µ growing volumÐ µ of intÐ µrnÐ °tionÐ °l trÐ °dÐ µ of goods Ð °nd sÐ µrvicÐ µs. TÐ µchnologicÐ °l gÐ °p bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn industriÐ °lizÐ µd Ð °nd dÐ µvÐ µloping countriÐ µs Ð °s Ð ° sourcÐ µ of forÐ µign trÐ °dÐ µ, on thÐ µ othÐ µr hÐ °nd, mÐ °y bÐ µ closÐ µd Ð µithÐ µr duÐ µ to thÐ µ continuÐ °l dissÐ µminÐ °tion of informÐ °tion from thÐ µ Ð °dvÐ °ncÐ µd onÐ µs or both. ThÐ µrÐ µ Ð °rÐ µ mÐ °ny intÐ µrnÐ °tionÐ °l orgÐ °nizÐ °tions thÐ °t fÐ °cilitÐ °tÐ µ forÐ µign trÐ °dÐ µ. Ð mong thÐ µm thÐ µ most

Fundamental of International Buisness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Fundamental of International Buisness - Essay Example Ð µ is closÐ µly connÐ µctÐ µd with Ð µconomic growth Ð °nd tÐ µchnologicÐ °l chÐ °ngÐ µ, drÐ °mÐ °tic incrÐ µÃ °sÐ µs in world trÐ °dÐ µ in goods, sÐ µrvicÐ µs Ð °nd finÐ °nciÐ °l Ð °ssÐ µts in lÐ °st dÐ µcÐ °dÐ µs Ð °rÐ µ duÐ µ to drÐ °stic Ð µconomic chÐ °ngÐ µs Ð °nd tÐ µchnologicÐ °l Ð °dvÐ °ncÐ µs. Ð ctuÐ °l tÐ µchnologicÐ °l dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnts hÐ °vÐ µ strong implicÐ °tions for world trÐ °dÐ µ Ð °nd output growth. TÐ µchnologicÐ °l Ð °dvÐ °ncÐ µs drÐ °sticÐ °lly rÐ µducÐ µd thÐ µ trÐ °nsportÐ °tion Ð °nd tÐ µlÐ µcommunicÐ °tion costs Ð °nd drÐ °mÐ °ticÐ °lly chÐ °ngÐ µd thÐ µ structurÐ µ of intÐ µrnÐ °tionÐ °l trÐ °dÐ µ in thÐ µ sÐ °mÐ µ timÐ µ. In fÐ °ct, nÐ µw tÐ µchnologicÐ °l chÐ °ngÐ µs lowÐ µr thÐ µ nÐ °turÐ °l bÐ °rriÐ µrs of spÐ °cÐ µ Ð °nd timÐ µ thÐ °t sÐ µpÐ °rÐ °tÐ µ nÐ °tionÐ °l mÐ °rkÐ µts whilÐ µ libÐ µrÐ °lizÐ °tion policiÐ µs thÐ µ Ð °rtifici Ð °l bÐ °rriÐ µrs to thÐ µ intÐ µrnÐ °tionÐ °l movÐ µmÐ µnts of goods, sÐ µrvicÐ µs Ð °nd cÐ °pitÐ °l. TÐ µchnologicÐ °l dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt mÐ °y bÐ µ Ð °ccÐ µptÐ µd Ð °s thÐ µ Ð µnginÐ µ of thÐ µ Ð µconomic globÐ °lizÐ °tion in thÐ µ world. ThÐ µ lÐ µvÐ µl of tÐ µchnology, broÐ °dly spÐ µÃ °king, cÐ °n bÐ µ dÐ µfinÐ µd Ð °s Ð ° stock or Ð ° combinÐ °tion of our knowlÐ µdgÐ µ Ð °nd Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µncÐ µs on production procÐ µss, product quÐ °lity, orgÐ °nizÐ °tion of production Ð °nd mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt, mÐ °rkÐ µting Ð °nd sÐ µrvicÐ µs (Kibritcioglu, 1997). In Ð °ll countriÐ µs, thÐ µ primÐ °ry Ð µxport sÐ µctor is mÐ °nufÐ °cturing industry, Ð µxcÐ µpt thÐ µ MiddlÐ µ ЕÐ °stÐ µrn Ð °nd Ð fricÐ °n countriÐ µs which Ð °rÐ µ rÐ µlÐ °tivÐ µly rÐ µsourcÐ µ Ð °bundÐ °nt Ð °nd hÐ µncÐ µ, Ð µxport mÐ °inly mining sÐ µctor products or oil. TÐ µchnologicÐ °l Ð °dvÐ °ncÐ µs is thÐ µ kÐ µy fÐ °ctor in thÐ µ growing volumÐ µ of intÐ µrnÐ °tionÐ °l trÐ °dÐ µ of goods Ð °nd sÐ µrvicÐ µs. TÐ µchnologicÐ °l gÐ °p bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn industriÐ °lizÐ µd Ð °nd dÐ µvÐ µloping countriÐ µs Ð °s Ð ° sourcÐ µ of forÐ µign trÐ °dÐ µ, on thÐ µ othÐ µr hÐ °nd, mÐ °y bÐ µ closÐ µd Ð µithÐ µr duÐ µ to thÐ µ continuÐ °l dissÐ µminÐ °tion of informÐ °tion from thÐ µ Ð °dvÐ °ncÐ µd onÐ µs or both. ThÐ µrÐ µ Ð °rÐ µ mÐ °ny intÐ µrnÐ °tionÐ °l orgÐ °nizÐ °tions thÐ °t fÐ °cilitÐ °tÐ µ forÐ µign trÐ °dÐ µ. Ð mong thÐ µm thÐ µ most

Project Risk Management Essay Example for Free

Project Risk Management Essay I.Introduction I am the Project Manager developing the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. The development of this state-of-the-art airplane will include an international team of aerospace companies led by Boeing. The advances in this airplane will reduce the use of fuel by 20%, increase cargo capacity, increase nautical miles in a mid-range airplane, and improve passenger comfort. Boeing expects sales of 3,500 units over the next 20 years. (Norris Wagner, 2009) To really understand the impact of multiple providers, along with the logistics to coordinate assembly, I will illustrate, discuss, and provide a conclusion using two decision tree analyses. The first fault tree will detail the delivery system and identify the failure that could result in delivery failure. The second fault tree details the lack of labor to assemble the airplane. Both pose results that have the potential to financially impact the project. The fault tree diagram will provide a visual representation of the risk and help analyze the cause by looking backwards to identify the root cause. II.Fault Tree One III.Discussion of Fault Tree One There are over 40 Companies/Business Units contributing to the success of developing the 787 Dreamliner. Nine of the Companies/Business Units are located outside of the United States. Given these two elements alone there are a number of faults that could cause the final assembly and completion date to be impacted. The first probable cause for missing the completion date is the supply chain. The supply chain flow ensures the material is available according to the inventory levels to continue building. Supply chain push systems help keep inventory levels set according to contractual agreements. When the quality throughput of the component is less than 95%, the demand is increased. Quality measures are in place to alert the supplier when the throughput is less than 95% as desired but additional demands with reduced quality requirements keep the supplier from delivering. Original plans called for specific manufactured items for each component yet the supplier elected to use a less expensive alternative which isn’t meeting quality requirements. To help mitigate the supplier risks, determine the supplier’s attitude to safety, quality, and environmental aspects to delivering components. Another treatment would be to appoint an onsite supplier liaison manager responsible for signing off on any supplier and/or design changes. It would also be helpful to have back to back contracts with sub-contractors. IV.Fault Tree Two V.Discussion of Fault Tree Two In the second fault tree I illustrated the impact of labor on the delivery of the 787 Dreamliner. The labor to assemble the airplane components at the Boeing facility in Everett is critical to ensure the on-time delivery of the airplane. The union labor to assemble the Dreamliner is under contract review, the contract will expire two months prior to the first assembly. The expiration of the machinist contract and failure to arrive at a new mutually acceptable contract would lead to a possible strike. Discussion between the labor union and the company would be required to mediate the dispute. The lack of a compromise would cause a significant impact on the scheduled completion date. However, negotiations to resolve this dispute are required to ensure employees feel fairly compensated and do not walk out during assembly. The use of risk treatment should provide a minimum of efficient operation of the organization, internal controls, and compliance with the laws and regulations. To assist with labor treatment risk, re-allocate internal staff and cross train non-union members to complete the assembly of the airplane. Assess the technical skills required, develop a skill requirement profile for assembly, and identify other critical skills required for replacement. Treatment could also include the establishment and maintenance of an internal/external skill profile of current, previous, and potential employees to assist should a labor strike occur. VI.Conclusions Above I only identified one risk analysis technique however there are many others available. Many are qualitative and don’t show the dependencies between events. The tree technique I used above takes into consideration the logical combination of causes that contribute to the identified failed event. The fault tree technique brings sufficient understanding to the nature of the failure and how to manage the failed event(s). Fault tree one helped me identify that an onsite supplier liaison manager would have eliminated the failure along with standard work, forms and signatures to authorize such changes to the bill of material for the component. Similarly, fault tree two identified adequate compensation as the root cause of the delivery/labor failure. Treatment of the risk could have included managing the risk earlier in the contract and/or establishing a contract bridge or extension to avoid a strike. VII.Works cited Cortez, A. (2010). The complete idiots guide to risk management. New York, NY: Penguin Group. Fraser, J., Simkins, B. (2010). Enterprise risk management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Kerzer, H. (2011). Project management metrics, kpis, and dashboards. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Norris, G., Wagner, M. (2009). Boeing 787 dreamliner. Minneapolis, MN: Zenith Press. Schuyler, J. (2010). Risk and decision analysis in projects. (2 ed.). Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute, Inc. Turner, A. (2011). The birth of the 787 dreamliner. Kansas City: Andrews McMeel Publishing.

The Affliction in the Middle Ages :: Diseases Medical Health Essays

The Affliction in the Middle Ages Disease and death are most often associated with the Middle Ages because of the widespread plagues and ignorance of medical knowledge during that time period. It is difficult, however, to ascertain the true nature of illness in the early Medieval Ages because in some written sources, the author’s standpoint distorts the presentation of the disease or cause of a person’s death so that the biological cause is skewed and unattainable. Gregory of Tours, for example, writes about two priests of Sidonius Apollinaris who rebelled against him. Both of these priests died very close to the same time of Sidonius’ death. The first priest died while in the lavatory and the second priest died while listening to a servant’s vision. For the causes of both deaths Gregory gives the credit to God, saying â€Å"the Lord passed this earthly judgement on those two unruly priests† (135). Details about the deaths are not given, but according to Gregory, they are irrelevant because the deaths were acts from God. For the first priest, he writes, â€Å"he went off to the lavatory and while he was occupied in emptying his bowels he lost his soul instead† (134). Moreover, he compared the death to that of Arius’, who was considered a heretic and â€Å"in the same way emptied out his entrails through his back passage in the lavatory,† which signifies that Gregory thinks both men died due to heresy ag ainst God (134). Gregory even says that â€Å"God in his clemency did not permit this insult to go long unpunished† (134). It is evident that the affliction, according to Gregory, is due to God’s hand. Gregory is writing from a Christian standpoint and is a bishop who greatly admired Sidonius, described here as â€Å"saintly† and an â€Å"angel†. Gregory’s agenda is such that he would want to publicize the sins of Sidonius’ enemies while also glorifying God. This may lead him to give transcendent causation for the deaths of these priests. Since the priests and Sidonius died at around the same time, one would think that there is a possibility that they could have died from the same kind of illness. Also, since Arius and the first priest both died while emptying their bowels, it is not entirely improbable that they had been suffering from some type of intestinal or digestive disease that may have been prevalent in the time period.

I Just Wanted to Know About the Present Trends in Housekeeping Department

PRESENT TRENDS IN HOUSKEEPING DEPARTMENT Accommodation Management Staffing The housekeeping department of a hotel is responsible for ‘cleanliness, maintenance, aesthetic upkeep of rooms, public areas, back areas and surroundings. ’ The department is not always given the respect it is due in terms of work load, the size of which can be estimated by the fact the department often employs the largest workforce.There are a variety of areas the housekeeping department must manage, the following table taken from Hotel Housekeeping Operations and Management depicts the housekeeping department’s span of control: Front of House Areas Back of House Areas †¢ Guestrooms †¢ Corridors †¢ Lobbies and public restrooms †¢ Pool and patio areas †¢ Meeting rooms †¢ Dining rooms/restaurants †¢ Banquet halls †¢ Convention Halls †¢ Hotel-operated shops †¢ Games rooms / recreation rooms †¢ Exercise rooms / gymnasium †¢ Building e xterior †¢ Landscaping and gardens †¢ Management offices Storage areas †¢ Linen and sewing rooms †¢ Laundry room †¢ Employee locker rooms †¢ Administrative offices †¢ Cloak rooms †¢ Maid’s service room The diversity of areas controlled by the housekeeping department requires structured planning when delegating tasks to be undertaken. Developing an organizational structure is a process which deals with ‘identifying and grouping work’ and aims to ensure the department works as a unit, with clear lines of authority and good lines of communication and is essential for the smooth running of the department.A Schematic representation, known as an organizational chart, assists in defining roles and relationships within an organization, the following organizational chart has been created for a four star hotel with one hundred bedrooms. ‘Structure is the best way to channel employees’ efforts towards productive efforts ( O’Fallon et al, 2010). It is important to continually review an organizations structure to ensure the structure is aiding the attainment of the organizations goals and proving to be†¦